初中英语语法几大基本时态讲与练（4）

一般现在时　现在进行时　一般过去时　一般将来时　过去进行时

　　一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态以及计划、打算做某事。E.g. They will have a football match tomorrow. He will be thirty next week. She is going to buy a coat this afternoon.
　　
　　其结构有如下几种: 1)will + 动词原形(will可以用于任何人称) 需要注意的是当主语是第一人称时will可以换成shall,特别是在以I或we作主语的问句中,一般用shall. e.g. Shall we go to the zoo? 2)be going to +动词原形 3)现在进行时也可表示将来,前边已经讲过,这里不在重复.
　　
　　第一种结构的句式变化是: 变否定句在will后边加not. 变一般疑问句把will提前. e.g. She will be back in three days. She will not be back in three days. Will She be back in three days? 第二种结构的句式变化要在be上做文章. E.g. They are going to clean their classroom. They are not going to clean their classroom. Are they going to clean their classroom?
　　
　　其时间状语有如下几种 1）this引导的短语 如 this year 2）tomorrow及其相关短语如tomorrow morning 3）next引导的短语 如 next month 4) from now on ; in the future ; in an hour 等。
　　
　　学生常见错误如下：
　　
　　一、易忽视动词用原形形式
　　
　　例：1 He will is (be) at school next Monday.
　　
　　2 He is going to does (do) his homework after school.
　　
　　答案：1 be 2 do
　　
　　解析：第一题有的同学一看he做主语就用了is，忽视了will后应加动词原形。我们在写句子时，很容易把动词丢掉，“英语句子里，动词不能少”的规律必须要牢记。第二题中to后加动词原形，而不是用单三人称.。
　　
　　二、be going to +动词原形与will+动词原形用法不清楚
　　
　　例：我正努力学习，准备参加英语考试。
　　
　　I am studying hard and I will try for my English exams.
　　
　　答案：I am studying hard and I am going to try for my English exams.
　　
　　解析：“be going to” 表示计划、打算要做某事。E.g. He is going to visit his friends. 还表示某种迹象表明会发生某事.e.g. Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain. 而“Will+动词原形 ”指对将来事物的预见、表示意愿、决心。E.g. I will wait for you until you come. 在单纯预测未来时，二者可以互换，但在此题中只能用be going to，而不能用will。
　　
　　自主检测：
　　
　　（一）、 单选
　　
　　1 _____you ____a doctor when you grow up?
　　
　　A Will; going to be B Are; going to be C Are; / D Will; be
　　
　　2 I don’t know if his uncle _____. I think he _____ if it doesn’t rain.
　　
　　A will come; comes B will come; will come C comes; comes D comes; will come
　　
　　3 He will be back _____a few minutes.
　　
　　A with B for C on D in
　　
　　4 What time _____we meet at the gate tomorrow?
　　
　　A will B shall C do D are
　　
　　5 He will have a holiday as soon as he _____the work next week.
　　
　　A finishes B doesn’t finish C will finish D won’t finish
　　
　　6 There _____some showers this afternoon.
　　
　　A will be B will have C is going to be D are going to have
　　
　　7 It ____my brother’s birthday tomorrow. She _____a party.
　　
　　A is going to be; will have B will be; is having C will be; is going to have D will have; is going to be
　　
　　8 Li Ming is 10 years old now, next year he _____11.
　　
　　A is B is going to be C will be D will to be
　　
　　答案：1 B 2B 3 D 4 B 5A 6A 7 C 8 C
　　
　　（二）、 填空
　　
　　1 -“I need some paper.”
　　
　　- “I ____(bring)some for you.”
　　
　　2____(be)you free tomorrow?
　　
　　3 They _________(not leave) until you come back.
　　
　　4 _____we_____(go) to the party together this afternoon?
　　
　　5 They want to know when the meeting _____start.
　　
　　6 I _____(go) with you if I have time.
　　
　　7 Hurry up! Or we ______(be) late.
　　
　　8What ____you _______(do) tomorrow afternoon?
　　
　　9 Jenny ____ _____ (do) an experiment the day after tomorrow.
　　
　　10 If she isn’t free tomorrow, she _______(not take) part in the party.
　　
　　答案： 1 will bring 2 Are 3 won’t leave 4Shall go 5 will 6 will go
　　
　　7 will be 8 are going to do 9 will do 10 won’t take
　　
　　三、 There be结构的一般将来时易出错
　　
　　例：There_________ a basketball match this afternoon. (B)
　　
　　A is going to be B is going to have C are going to be D are going to have
　　
　　答案：A
　　
　　解析：There be结构的一般将来时既要符合There be结构，又要符合一般将来时。有的同学认为have当“有”讲，所以选了B，但There be结构就不成立了，此句中is是be going to中的，是由后边的单数名词决定的.
　　
　　四、 be going to结构中易丢掉to
　　
　　例：I’m going _______(go) school by bike tomorrow. (C)
　　
　　A to will go B to go to C go to D to go
　　
　　答案：B
　　
　　解析：由tomorrow可知是一般将来时，be going to +动词原形，所以先确定用to go , 在B、 D当中选，而go to school 是固定词组，不能因为前边有一个to而省略，这是一个易错点，需要注意。
　　
　　另外，在时间状语或条件状语从句中，若主句用了将来时，从句则用一般现在时，前边已经讲过,这里不在重复.