高二英语备考：英语标点的正确使用(五)

　　2.3　　突出句子中某个插入成份(Parenthetical elements):
　　所谓插入成份，是指在句子中去掉它也可成立的成份。插入成份一般是感叹词、状
　　语、副词子句等。
　　2.3.1　句子里插入的词、短语、子句等,加上逗号以示插入成份：
　　1.　He knew, however, that no one would listen to his warning.　( 插入
　　however)
　　2.　 No, you may not come with us.　(插入 No)
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　　2.3.2　用逗号分开“乃此非彼”的结构：
　　1.　Jane, not Shirley, will attend the meeting.　(是 Jane，不是 Shirley)
　　2.　He wanted to see Mr. Wu, not Mr. Hu. (是吴先生，不是胡先生)
　　3.　Some say the world will end in ice, not fire. (是冰，不是火)
　　4.　It was her money, not her charm or personality, that first attracted
　　him. (为的是她的财富，不是为了她的妩媚或个性)
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　　2.3.3　句中有非限制性的词或短语之类，以逗号标出以示插入成份：
　　1.　Her husband, Bill, is a scientist. (Bill 为插入成份)
　　2.　Kent Howard, my English teacher, is from America. (插入成份 my English
　　teacher)
　　3.　Her father, who is a famous scholar, teaches English.(插入成份 who is a
　　famous scholar)
　　4.　Eleanor, his wife of thirty years, suddenly decided to open her own
　　business. (试将插入成份 his wife of thirty years 去掉，句子是否也能成立?)
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　　2.3.4　句中的城市名如果和它的省、州、国名并列，省、州、国名前后须加逗号：
　　1.　We visited Hartford, Connecticut, last summer. (Connecticut 为插入成份)
　　2.　Paris, France, is sometimes called "The City of Lights." (France 为插入
　　成份)
　　3.　Hartford, Connecticut's investment in the insurance industry is well
　　known.(Connecticut's 为所有格式，后面不可加逗号喔)
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　　2.3.5　句中带着连接词(but, and, or...)的插入成份的前面不可加上逗号：
　　1.　The Red Sox were leading the league at the end of May, but of
　　course, they always do well in the spring. (but 的后面不可加逗号)
　　2.　The Tigers spent much of the season at the bottom of the league, and
　　even though they picked up several promising rookies, they expect to be
　　there again next year. (and 的后面不可再加逗号)
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　　2.3.6　 向人说话时，逗号放在对方名字或称谓之后、之前或者前后都加：
　　1.　 John, come here.　(John, 逗号在名字之后)
　　2.　 Open the door, John.　( ,John 逗号放在名字之前)
　　3.　 It is, Sir, not my fault.　 ( , Sir, 逗号放在称谓前面和后面)
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　　2.4　　替代句子里某个成份
　　2.4.1　用逗号替代句子里某部份，表示字词的省略：
　　1.　The lion is the symbol of courage; the lamb, of meekness. (the lamb, of
　　meekness 原本应该是 the lamb is the symbol of meekness)
　　2.　George was the hard worker, John, the lazy one.　(John, the lazy one 原
　　本应该是 John was the lazy one)