The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place. Now it is an ecological disaster area. Nauru’s heartbreaking story could have one good consequence — other countries might learn from its mistakes.
For thousands of years, Polynesian people lived the remote island of Nauru, far from western civilization. The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798. He was the British captain of the Hunter, a whaling ship. He called the island Pleasant Island.
However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first. The whaling ships and other traders began to visit, bringing guns and alcohol. These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island. A ten-year civil war started, which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900.
Nauru’s real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate (磷酸盐)on the island. In fact, it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate, which a very important fertilizer for farming. The company began mining the phosphate.
A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground; it is a strip mine. When a company strip-mines, it removes the top layer of soil. Then it takes away the material it wants. Strip mining totally destroys the land. Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.
In 1968, Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world. Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.
Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem — their phosphate was running out. Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. By 2000, Nauru was financially ruined. Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. This will probably never happen.
56. What might be the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To seek help for Nauru’s problems.
B. To give a warning to other countries
C. To show the importance of money
D. To tell a heartbreaking story of a war.
57. What was Nauru like before the Europeans came?
A. Rich and powerful B. Modern and open
C. Peaceful and attractive D. Greedy and aggressive
58. The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from _______.
A. soil pollution B. phosphate overmining
C. farming activity D. whale hunting
59. Which of the following was a cause of Nauru’s financial problem?
A. Its leaders misused the money B. It spent too much repairing the island
C. Its phosphate mining cost much money D. It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.
60. What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph?
A. The ecological damage is difficult to repair.
B. The leaders will take the experts’ words seriously.
C. The island was abandoned by the Nauruans
D. The phosphate mines were destroyed
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。太平洋岛国瑙鲁曾经是一个美丽富饶的海岛，但是，由于内战和岛上磷酸盐矿的过度开采，很快使之成为一个生态灾难的贫瘠的海岛。作者写这一骇人听闻的故事，旨在提醒其他国家要引以为戒。
56.【答案】B
【解析】根据第一段Nauru’s heartbreak story could have one good consequence—other countries might learn from its mistakes.可知，作者认为瑙鲁的故事可以让其他国家从他们的错误中学到一些东西，作者的目的是警示其他国家。
【考点定位】考查作者写作意图。
57.【答案】C
【解析】根据第二段中的…lived on the remote island of Nauru和第五段最后一句中的Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon可知，瑙鲁以前是一个平静美丽的小岛。
【考点定位】考查细节理解。
58.【答案】B
【解析】瑙鲁岛上的生态灾难是因为对磷酸盐的过度开采。由第五段中的Strip-mining totally destroy the island和Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon可知B正确。
【考点定位】考查细节理解。
59.【答案】A
【解析】由第七段中的Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollar可知，领导人投资的不明智，加上还要把更多的钱用在个人消费上，所以导致了财政问题。
【考点定位】考查细节理解。
60.【答案】A
【解析】根据文中最后一段的“Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. This will probably never happen. ”可知，瑙鲁的生态灾难几乎很难恢复。所以A正确。
【考点定位】考查判断推理。